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Documents authored by Walter, Michael

Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2023.10
(No) Quantum Space-Time Tradeoff for USTCON

Authors: Simon Apers, Stacey Jeffery, Galina Pass, and Michael Walter

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 274, 31st Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2023)

Abstract
Undirected st-connectivity is important both for its applications in network problems, and for its theoretical connections with logspace complexity. Classically, a long line of work led to a time-space tradeoff of T = Õ(n²/S) for any S such that S = Ω(log(n)) and S = O(n²/m). Surprisingly, we show that quantumly there is no nontrivial time-space tradeoff: there is a quantum algorithm that achieves both optimal time Õ(n) and space O(log(n)) simultaneously. This improves on previous results, which required either O(log(n)) space and Õ(n^{1.5}) time, or Õ(n) space and time. To complement this, we show that there is a nontrivial time-space tradeoff when given a lower bound on the spectral gap of a corresponding random walk.
Cite as

Simon Apers, Stacey Jeffery, Galina Pass, and Michael Walter. (No) Quantum Space-Time Tradeoff for USTCON. In 31st Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2023). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 274, pp. 10:1-10:17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)

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@InProceedings{apers_et_al:LIPIcs.ESA.2023.10,
  author =	{Apers, Simon and Jeffery, Stacey and Pass, Galina and Walter, Michael},
  title =	{{(No) Quantum Space-Time Tradeoff for USTCON}},
  booktitle =	{31st Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA 2023)},
  pages =	{10:1--10:17},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-295-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{274},
  editor =	{G{\o}rtz, Inge Li and Farach-Colton, Martin and Puglisi, Simon J. and Herman, Grzegorz},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2023.10},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-186636},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ESA.2023.10},
  annote =	{Keywords: Undirected st-connectivity, quantum walks, time-space tradeoff}
}
Document
Complete Volume
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.TQC.2023
LIPIcs, Volume 266, TQC 2023, Complete Volume

Authors: Omar Fawzi and Michael Walter

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 266, 18th Conference on the Theory of Quantum Computation, Communication and Cryptography (TQC 2023)

Abstract
LIPIcs, Volume 266, TQC 2023, Complete Volume
Cite as

18th Conference on the Theory of Quantum Computation, Communication and Cryptography (TQC 2023). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 266, pp. 1-314, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)

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@Proceedings{fawzi_et_al:LIPIcs.TQC.2023,
  title =	{{LIPIcs, Volume 266, TQC 2023, Complete Volume}},
  booktitle =	{18th Conference on the Theory of Quantum Computation, Communication and Cryptography (TQC 2023)},
  pages =	{1--314},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-283-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{266},
  editor =	{Fawzi, Omar and Walter, Michael},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.TQC.2023},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-183099},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.TQC.2023},
  annote =	{Keywords: LIPIcs, Volume 266, TQC 2023, Complete Volume}
}
Document
Front Matter
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.TQC.2023.0
Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organization

Authors: Omar Fawzi and Michael Walter

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 266, 18th Conference on the Theory of Quantum Computation, Communication and Cryptography (TQC 2023)

Abstract
Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organization
Cite as

18th Conference on the Theory of Quantum Computation, Communication and Cryptography (TQC 2023). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 266, pp. 0:i-0:xii, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2023)

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@InProceedings{fawzi_et_al:LIPIcs.TQC.2023.0,
  author =	{Fawzi, Omar and Walter, Michael},
  title =	{{Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organization}},
  booktitle =	{18th Conference on the Theory of Quantum Computation, Communication and Cryptography (TQC 2023)},
  pages =	{0:i--0:xii},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-283-9},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2023},
  volume =	{266},
  editor =	{Fawzi, Omar and Walter, Michael},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.TQC.2023.0},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-183102},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.TQC.2023.0},
  annote =	{Keywords: Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organization}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2021.32
Polynomial Time Algorithms in Invariant Theory for Torus Actions

Authors: Peter Bürgisser, M. Levent Doğan, Visu Makam, Michael Walter, and Avi Wigderson

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 200, 36th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2021)

Abstract
An action of a group on a vector space partitions the latter into a set of orbits. We consider three natural and useful algorithmic "isomorphism" or "classification" problems, namely, orbit equality, orbit closure intersection, and orbit closure containment. These capture and relate to a variety of problems within mathematics, physics and computer science, optimization and statistics. These orbit problems extend the more basic null cone problem, whose algorithmic complexity has seen significant progress in recent years. In this paper, we initiate a study of these problems by focusing on the actions of commutative groups (namely, tori). We explain how this setting is motivated from questions in algebraic complexity, and is still rich enough to capture interesting combinatorial algorithmic problems. While the structural theory of commutative actions is well understood, no general efficient algorithms were known for the aforementioned problems. Our main results are polynomial time algorithms for all three problems. We also show how to efficiently find separating invariants for orbits, and how to compute systems of generating rational invariants for these actions (in contrast, for polynomial invariants the latter is known to be hard). Our techniques are based on a combination of fundamental results in invariant theory, linear programming, and algorithmic lattice theory.
Cite as

Peter Bürgisser, M. Levent Doğan, Visu Makam, Michael Walter, and Avi Wigderson. Polynomial Time Algorithms in Invariant Theory for Torus Actions. In 36th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2021). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 200, pp. 32:1-32:30, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2021)

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@InProceedings{burgisser_et_al:LIPIcs.CCC.2021.32,
  author =	{B\"{u}rgisser, Peter and Do\u{g}an, M. Levent and Makam, Visu and Walter, Michael and Wigderson, Avi},
  title =	{{Polynomial Time Algorithms in Invariant Theory for Torus Actions}},
  booktitle =	{36th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2021)},
  pages =	{32:1--32:30},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-193-1},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2021},
  volume =	{200},
  editor =	{Kabanets, Valentine},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2021.32},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-143062},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2021.32},
  annote =	{Keywords: computational invariant theory, geometric complexity theory, orbit closure intersection problem}
}
Document
Track A: Algorithms, Complexity and Games
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2021.110
Quantum Algorithms for Matrix Scaling and Matrix Balancing

Authors: Joran van Apeldoorn, Sander Gribling, Yinan Li, Harold Nieuwboer, Michael Walter, and Ronald de Wolf

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 198, 48th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2021)

Abstract
Matrix scaling and matrix balancing are two basic linear-algebraic problems with a wide variety of applications, such as approximating the permanent, and pre-conditioning linear systems to make them more numerically stable. We study the power and limitations of quantum algorithms for these problems. We provide quantum implementations of two classical (in both senses of the word) methods: Sinkhorn’s algorithm for matrix scaling and Osborne’s algorithm for matrix balancing. Using amplitude estimation as our main tool, our quantum implementations both run in time Õ(√{mn}/ε⁴) for scaling or balancing an n × n matrix (given by an oracle) with m non-zero entries to within 𝓁₁-error ε. Their classical analogs use time Õ(m/ε²), and every classical algorithm for scaling or balancing with small constant ε requires Ω(m) queries to the entries of the input matrix. We thus achieve a polynomial speed-up in terms of n, at the expense of a worse polynomial dependence on the obtained 𝓁₁-error ε. Even for constant ε these problems are already non-trivial (and relevant in applications). Along the way, we extend the classical analysis of Sinkhorn’s and Osborne’s algorithm to allow for errors in the computation of marginals. We also adapt an improved analysis of Sinkhorn’s algorithm for entrywise-positive matrices to the 𝓁₁-setting, obtaining an Õ(n^{1.5}/ε³)-time quantum algorithm for ε-𝓁₁-scaling. We also prove a lower bound, showing our quantum algorithm for matrix scaling is essentially optimal for constant ε: every quantum algorithm for matrix scaling that achieves a constant 𝓁₁-error w.r.t. uniform marginals needs Ω(√{mn}) queries.
Cite as

Joran van Apeldoorn, Sander Gribling, Yinan Li, Harold Nieuwboer, Michael Walter, and Ronald de Wolf. Quantum Algorithms for Matrix Scaling and Matrix Balancing. In 48th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2021). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 198, pp. 110:1-110:17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2021)

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@InProceedings{vanapeldoorn_et_al:LIPIcs.ICALP.2021.110,
  author =	{van Apeldoorn, Joran and Gribling, Sander and Li, Yinan and Nieuwboer, Harold and Walter, Michael and de Wolf, Ronald},
  title =	{{Quantum Algorithms for Matrix Scaling and Matrix Balancing}},
  booktitle =	{48th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2021)},
  pages =	{110:1--110:17},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-195-5},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2021},
  volume =	{198},
  editor =	{Bansal, Nikhil and Merelli, Emanuela and Worrell, James},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2021.110},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-141793},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2021.110},
  annote =	{Keywords: Matrix scaling, matrix balancing, quantum algorithms}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2020.12
Search Problems in Algebraic Complexity, GCT, and Hardness of Generators for Invariant Rings

Authors: Ankit Garg, Christian Ikenmeyer, Visu Makam, Rafael Oliveira, Michael Walter, and Avi Wigderson

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 169, 35th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2020)

Abstract
We consider the problem of computing succinct encodings of lists of generators for invariant rings for group actions. Mulmuley conjectured that there are always polynomial sized such encodings for invariant rings of SL_n(ℂ)-representations. We provide simple examples that disprove this conjecture (under standard complexity assumptions). We develop a general framework, denoted algebraic circuit search problems, that captures many important problems in algebraic complexity and computational invariant theory. This framework encompasses various proof systems in proof complexity and some of the central problems in invariant theory as exposed by the Geometric Complexity Theory (GCT) program, including the aforementioned problem of computing succinct encodings for generators for invariant rings.
Cite as

Ankit Garg, Christian Ikenmeyer, Visu Makam, Rafael Oliveira, Michael Walter, and Avi Wigderson. Search Problems in Algebraic Complexity, GCT, and Hardness of Generators for Invariant Rings. In 35th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2020). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 169, pp. 12:1-12:17, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2020)

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@InProceedings{garg_et_al:LIPIcs.CCC.2020.12,
  author =	{Garg, Ankit and Ikenmeyer, Christian and Makam, Visu and Oliveira, Rafael and Walter, Michael and Wigderson, Avi},
  title =	{{Search Problems in Algebraic Complexity, GCT, and Hardness of Generators for Invariant Rings}},
  booktitle =	{35th Computational Complexity Conference (CCC 2020)},
  pages =	{12:1--12:17},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-156-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2020},
  volume =	{169},
  editor =	{Saraf, Shubhangi},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2020.12},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-125645},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.CCC.2020.12},
  annote =	{Keywords: generators for invariant rings, succinct encodings}
}
Document
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2018.24
Alternating Minimization, Scaling Algorithms, and the Null-Cone Problem from Invariant Theory

Authors: Peter Bürgisser, Ankit Garg, Rafael Oliveira, Michael Walter, and Avi Wigderson

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 94, 9th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2018)

Abstract
Alternating minimization heuristics seek to solve a (difficult) global optimization task through iteratively solving a sequence of (much easier) local optimization tasks on different parts (or blocks) of the input parameters. While popular and widely applicable, very few examples of this heuristic are rigorously shown to converge to optimality, and even fewer to do so efficiently. In this paper we present a general framework which is amenable to rigorous analysis, and expose its applicability. Its main feature is that the local optimization domains are each a group of invertible matrices, together naturally acting on tensors, and the optimization problem is minimizing the norm of an input tensor under this joint action. The solution of this optimization problem captures a basic problem in Invariant Theory, called the null-cone problem. This algebraic framework turns out to encompass natural computational problems in combinatorial optimization, algebra, analysis, quantum information theory, and geometric complexity theory. It includes and extends to high dimensions the recent advances on (2-dimensional) operator scaling. Our main result is a fully polynomial time approximation scheme for this general problem, which may be viewed as a multi-dimensional scaling algorithm. This directly leads to progress on some of the problems in the areas above, and a unified view of others. We explain how faster convergence of an algorithm for the same problem will allow resolving central open problems. Our main techniques come from Invariant Theory, and include its rich non-commutative duality theory, and new bounds on the bitsizes of coefficients of invariant polynomials. They enrich the algorithmic toolbox of this very computational field of mathematics, and are directly related to some challenges in geometric complexity theory (GCT).
Cite as

Peter Bürgisser, Ankit Garg, Rafael Oliveira, Michael Walter, and Avi Wigderson. Alternating Minimization, Scaling Algorithms, and the Null-Cone Problem from Invariant Theory. In 9th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2018). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 94, pp. 24:1-24:20, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2018)

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@InProceedings{burgisser_et_al:LIPIcs.ITCS.2018.24,
  author =	{B\"{u}rgisser, Peter and Garg, Ankit and Oliveira, Rafael and Walter, Michael and Wigderson, Avi},
  title =	{{Alternating Minimization, Scaling Algorithms, and the Null-Cone Problem from Invariant Theory}},
  booktitle =	{9th Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science Conference (ITCS 2018)},
  pages =	{24:1--24:20},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-060-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2018},
  volume =	{94},
  editor =	{Karlin, Anna R.},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2018.24},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-83510},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ITCS.2018.24},
  annote =	{Keywords: alternating minimization, tensors, scaling, quantum marginal problem, null cone, invariant theory, geometric complexity theory}
}
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